National Health Month Focus: Good Health is Crucial for Fertility
National Health Month, observed in April each year in South Africa, also incorporates World Health Day on 7 April, an initiative of the World Health Organization (WHO) to raise awareness about the important role of good health in the well-being of each person. This year’s World Health Day theme is “Healthy beginnings, hopeful futures” recognising that the health of mothers and babies is the foundation of healthy families and communities.
The impact of health on fertility
It is also widely recognised that poor health — whether due to lifestyle choices, medical conditions or exposure to environmental pollutants and toxins — also affects people’s fertility and their ability to achieve a pregnancy.
The WHO notes that poor health are among the most well-known causes of infertility, saying: “Environmental and lifestyle factors such as smoking, excessive alcohol intake and obesity can affect fertility. In addition, exposure to environmental pollutants and toxins can be directly toxic to gametes (eggs and sperm), resulting in their decreased numbers and poor quality, leading to infertility.”
In its guide Fertility Patients Care Guidance, produced by a global team including 15 fertility experts, the European Fertility Society (EFS) also flags general health as an important issue that needs to be emphasised more strongly when it comes to understanding and treating fertility challenges.
It notes that: “Various lifestyle-related factors such as obesity, smoking, substance abuse and heavy alcohol consumption are known to have a negative impact on both male and female fertility and the success of ART [assisted reproductive therapy]. Other lifestyle habits may also adversely affect reproductive health, and advice on modifiable lifestyle factors should be given to couples to help them make positive changes to potentially improve their chances of a healthy pregnancy.”
At Cape Fertility, we also have first-hand knowledge of the negative impact of poor health on fertility. We know that infertility rates in both male and female smokers are twice the rate of infertility in non-smokers. The negative impact of alcohol on pregnancy rates is also well-documented. We have also seen in practice that obesity decreases the rates of successful pregnancy in natural conception, as well as in women who are undergoing fertility treatment. Furthermore, we also know that a long list of chronic health conditions – ranging from diabetes and cancer to hypertension and hormone imbalances – can also affect fertility.
For these reasons, we recognise the importance of prioritising health to improve fertility outcomes. By making informed choices and addressing key lifestyle, health and environmental factors, individuals can enhance their fertility and increase their chances of conception.
Lifestyle factors that affect fertility
Making gradual, sustainable changes to improve lifestyle habits can positively impact fertility, particularly when done in preparation for conception.
• Quit smoking – Smokers experience infertility rates nearly double those of non-smokers.
• Limit alcohol intake – Excessive alcohol consumption can reduce fertility in both men and women.
• Maintain a healthy weight – Obesity and being underweight can disrupt hormonal balance and reduce fertility.
• Exercise regularly – Moderate physical activity helps regulate hormones and supports reproductive health.
• Prioritise sleep – Quality sleep is essential for hormone regulation and overall well-being.
Weight management for fertility
Obesity decreases the rates of successful pregnancy in natural conception, as well as in women who are undergoing fertility treatment.
Eating a balanced, nutrient-rich diet is another critical factor in maintaining reproductive health. The EFS recommends:
• Reducing intake of processed and sugary foods.
• Incorporating healthy fats, lean proteins, and fibre-rich foods.
• Following a Mediterranean-style diet, which has been linked to improved fertility.
• Avoiding excessive red meat, refined sugar, and processed snacks.
• Consuming foods rich in antioxidants, such as nuts, seeds, and leafy greens, to protect egg and sperm quality from environmental damage.
Environmental factors that affect fertility
Certain environmental pollutants are known to have direct negative effects on reproductive health. These include:
• Xenoestrogens – These substances mimic estrogen in the body and have been linked to conditions such as endometriosis and male infertility. They are commonly found in plastics (such as BPA), pesticides, and industrial chemicals.
• Bisphenol A (BPA) – A common xenoestrogen used in plastic products. It is found in plastic bottles, food cans, and receipts. Exposure can be reduced by using glass, porcelain, or stainless steel alternatives.
• Dioxins – Industrial pollutants that enter the food chain through animal products. Research suggests a strong link between dioxins and increased rates of endometriosis, a leading cause of infertility.
• Pyrethroid pesticides – Found in insecticides, these chemicals have been associated with reduced ovarian reserve and egg quality.
• Air pollution – Studies indicate that women living near highways or in urban areas with high pollution levels have a higher risk of infertility. Long-term exposure to air pollution can negatively impact both egg and sperm quality.
In today’s world, exposure to pollutants and toxins is unavoidable, but awareness and proactive steps can help minimise their impact.
Reducing exposure to these harmful substances can be a key step in preserving fertility. Simple changes, such as avoiding plastic containers, opting for organic produce, and reducing exposure to air pollution, can help mitigate risks.
Concerned about your fertility? We can help!
At Cape Fertility, we understand that various lifestyle, health and environmental factors can influence fertility. Fortunately, many of these factors can be addressed through informed choices and expert guidance. By prioritising health and minimising exposure to harmful environmental factors, you can take proactive steps to improve your fertility and overall well-being.
If you are struggling to conceive or have concerns about how your health and environment may be affecting your fertility, we encourage you to contact us by simply clicking here…
At Cape Fertility, we value each individual patient and we look forward to providing you with individualised and personalised care, affordable quality fertility treatment, and higher success rates at our purpose-built premises in the beautiful city of Cape Town.